Mtengo watitaniyamu aloyiili pakati pa $200 ndi $400 pa kilogalamu, pamene mtengo wa aloyi ankhondo a titaniyamu ndi wokwera mtengo kuŵirikiza kaŵiri. Kotero, titaniyamu ndi chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pambuyo pa alloying?
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse gwero la titaniyamu. Titaniyamu makamaka imachokera ku ilmenite, rutile ndi perovskite. Ndichitsulo choyera-siliva. Chifukwa cha momwe titaniyamu imagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wosungunula, anthu alephera kupanga titaniyamu kwanthawi yayitali, motero amatchulidwanso ngati chitsulo "chosowa".
Ndipotu, anthu anapeza titaniyamu mu 1791, koma choyambatitaniyamu woyeralinapangidwa mu 1910, zomwe zinatenga zaka zoposa zana. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti titaniyamu imagwira ntchito kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri ndipo imakhala yosavuta kuphatikiza ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, carbon ndi zinthu zina. Zimatengera zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuti mutulutse titaniyamu yoyera. Komabe, kupanga kwa titaniyamu ku China kwakula kuchokera ku matani 200 m'zaka zapitazi kufika matani 150,000 tsopano, pakalipano pa malo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Ndiye, titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti makamaka pamene ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri?
1. Zojambula za Titaniyamu.Titaniyamu imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri ndipo imalimbana ndi dzimbiri, makamaka oxidizable komanso colorable. Ili ndi zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri ndipo ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa golide weniweni, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa golide weniweni pazitsulo zamatabwa, nyumba zakale ndi kukonzanso nyumba zakale, mapepala akunja, ndi zina zotero.
2. Zodzikongoletsera za Titaniyamu.Titaniyamu walowa moyo wathu mwakachetechete. Zodzikongoletsera zina zopangidwa ndi titaniyamu yeniyeni zomwe atsikana amavala tsopano. Chinthu chachikulu cha mtundu watsopano wa zodzikongoletsera ndi thanzi, chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Sizidzatulutsa zinthu zovulaza pakhungu ndi thupi la munthu, ndipo zimatchedwa "zodzikongoletsera zobiriwira".
3. Magalasi a Titaniyamu. Titaniyamu ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba yotsutsa mapindikidwe kuposa chitsulo, koma kulemera kwake ndi theka la voliyumu yofanana yachitsulo. Magalasi a Titaniyamu samawoneka osiyana ndi magalasi achitsulo wamba, koma kwenikweni ndi opepuka komanso omasuka, ndi kukhudza kotentha ndi kosalala, popanda kuzizira kwa magalasi ena achitsulo. Mafelemu a Titaniyamu ndi opepuka kwambiri kuposa mafelemu achitsulo wamba, sangapunduke akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wotsimikizika.
4. Pankhani yazamlengalenga, zitsulo zambiri pa zonyamulira ndege zamakono, maroketi, ndi mizinga zasinthidwa kukhala aloyi a titaniyamu. Anthu ena ayesapo kudula ndi mbale zachitsulo ndi titaniyamu aloyi, komanso chifukwa chokana kupunduka ndi kulemera kwake. Panthawi yodula, adapeza kuti zowawa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi titaniyamu zimawoneka ngati zosiyana pang'ono. Chitsulocho chinali chagolide, pamene zowala za titaniyamu zinali zoyera. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha tinthu ting'onoting'ono timene timapangidwa ndi titaniyamu alloy panthawi yodula. Imatha kuyatsa modzidzimutsa mumlengalenga ndikutulutsa zowala zowala, ndipo kutentha kwa zipserazi ndikwambiri kuposa zitsulo zachitsulo, motero ufa wa titaniyamu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mafuta a rocket.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matani oposa 1,000 a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zakuthambo, titaniyamu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga sitima zapamadzi. Wina anamira titaniyamu pansi pa nyanja, ndipo anapeza kuti sanali dzimbiri n'komwe pamene anatulutsidwa patatha zaka zisanu, chifukwa kachulukidwe titaniyamu ndi magalamu 4.5 okha, ndipo mphamvu pa kiyubiki centimita ndi apamwamba kwambiri pakati zitsulo. ndipo imatha kupirira 2,500 atmospheres of pressure. Choncho, sitima zapamadzi za titaniyamu zimatha kuyenda m'nyanja yakuya mamita 4,500, pamene sitima zapamadzi wamba zachitsulo zimatha kudumphira mpaka mamita 300.
Kugwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu ndikolemera komanso kokongola, komansotitaniyamu aloyiamagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamankhwala, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mano, opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, ma valve a mtima, zipangizo zachipatala, ndi zina zotero. Nanga n’chiyani kwenikweni chimayambitsa vutoli?
Kukumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu ndizovuta kwambiri. Kugawidwa kwa migodi ya mchenga wa ilmenite m'dziko langa kwamwazika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu za titaniyamu ndikochepa. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri za migodi ndi ntchito, zida zapamwamba komanso zazikulu zakhala zikukumbidwa, koma chifukwa chitukukocho chimachokera ku migodi ya anthu wamba, n'zovuta kupanga chitukuko chachikulu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kufunika kwa titaniyamu ndikwamphamvu kwambiri. Monga mtundu watsopano wazitsulo zachitsulo, titaniyamu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, zomangamanga, nyanja, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi magetsi. Ndikukula kosalekeza kwa mphamvu za dziko langa lonse, kumwa titaniyamu kwawonetsanso kukula kwachangu.
Kusakwanira kupanga titaniyamu. Pakalipano, padziko lapansi pali mayiko ochepa chabe olemera omwe angathe kupanga titaniyamu.
Kukonza titaniyamu ndikovuta.
Kuchokera ku siponji ya titaniyamu kupita ku titaniyamu ingots, kenako mpaka mbale za titaniyamu, njira zambiri zimafunikira. Njira yosungunula titaniyamu ndi yosiyana ndi yachitsulo. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka, voteji ndi zamakono, ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwazomwe zikupangidwira. Chifukwa cha njira zambiri komanso zovuta, zimakhalanso zovuta kuzikonza.
Titaniyamu yoyera ndi yofewa ndipo nthawi zambiri siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati titaniyamu. Choncho, zinthu zina ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti ziwongolere zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, titaniyamu-64, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani oyendetsa ndege, iyenera kuwonjezera zinthu zina zambiri kuti zithandizire zitsulo zake.
Titaniyamu imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma halojeni, mpweya, sulfure, carbon, nitrogen ndi zinthu zina pa kutentha kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, kusungunula kwa titaniyamu kuyenera kuchitika m'malo opanda mpweya kapena mpweya kuti zisawonongeke.
Titaniyamu ndi chitsulo chogwira ntchito, koma matenthedwe ake amatenthedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwotcherera ndi zida zina.
Mwachidule, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wazitsulo za titaniyamu, kuphatikizapo mtengo wa chikhalidwe, kufunikira, zovuta kupanga, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-02-2025